Thursday, November 10, 2022

Is measuring biodiversity possible for non-experts?

I’m trying to measure pollinator biodiversity using iNaturalist, but I’m having doubts as to whether this is even possible for a non-expert.

Over the last five years I’ve photographed insects on flowers in my area, with the goal of creating a summary of total pollinator species per plant species per month. I'm using an Observation Field to associate the plant species with the insect Observation:  https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=1823&user_id=conorflynn&verifiable=any&field:Nectar%20%2F%20Pollen%20delivering%20plant=

I knew from the beginning that this would not be a perfect research study because I’m not systematically sampling the flowers with equal effort and equal time, and I knew I wouldn’t be able to ID every insect, due to the quality of my photographs.

But I hadn’t considered that the level of taxonomic ID could bias the total species counts. Even if I could ID every photograph to Genus, some Genera have dozens of species while others only have a few. Even worse, some taxa have more people helping ID and therefore have more detailed IDs, whereas other taxa have less interest and are stuck at Family level IDs.  

I think this makes comparing pollinator diversity difficult or impossible on iNaturalist. At best I could say something about how many different Genera or Families visit a particular species of plant --  but I’m not sure how important genera- of family-level biodiversity is...

iNaturalist is a great platform for documenting species observations, but now I think the utility of the data is taxa-specific.  For example, I recently went to a talk about rare talussnails and springsnails in AZ, and the speaker advocated using iNaturalist to document observations.  But how could he ID the rare species from iNat photos?  He just does it based on geography.  There’s no way to discover new snail species or new locations on iNat; DNA studies are needed for new populations to ID whether they are a new or existing species. 

I’d also hoped that I might be able to document new specialist pollinator-plant interactions, but I learned in The Bees in Your Backyard (the definitive bee ID book for North America) that even pollen specialists can be nectar generalists, so I don’t know how one would discover specialist interactions from photographs?  Do researchers have to analyze pollen grains on collected bee specimens??

No comments: